DID PIRATES REALLY BURY THEIR TREASURE ?

                 There are many different stories about pirates. Pirates wear eye patches, have pet parrots, and wooden legs.One of the most popular stories is that pirates buried their treasure. But where does this idea come from, and did it really happen?

          Only one real pirate is known to have buried his treasure. His name was William Kidd, also known as Captain Kidd. Captain Kidd was a Scottish sailor who sailed in the Indian ocean and around the eats coast of North America in 1600s.

          Realizing that one day he might be caught, Captain Kidd traveled to Long Island and buried 100 pounds of gold and silver there. He tought that he could use the treasure to get out of trouble, trading gold and silver for his freedom.

          In 1966, he was caught and put in jail in Boston, Massachusetts. The governor of Massachutetts tricked Kidd into telling him some information and was able to find the treasure. So, in the end his plan didn’t work.

          Some people, however, think it isn’t strange that we don’t know about more pirates who buried their treasure. After all, it wouldn’t be very useful to hide gold and silver, and then tell everyone about it!

          Throughout history it has been very common for people to bury valuable or important things to keep them safe. Today people living in the countryside in England still find posts of buried Roman coins that were hidden by their owners almost two thousand years ago.

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Tall Ship

       

       A tall ship is a type of traditional sailing ship which usually has very tall masts and large sails. Tall ships often have long decks, and some tall ships even have a crow’s nest. While the crew is busy hoisting the sails, climbing the masts, and scrubbing the decks, the captain is usually busy using the wheel to steer the ship. In the caseit starts to sink, many ships also have a lifeboat for the crew to escape in. If someone falls overboard the rest of the crew can call out, “Man overboard!”, and throw the person a life ring to save them. In the past, most people used a compass and a telescope to navigate tall ships, but today most people use GPS.  

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Mr. Bean Live "Amazing Jesus"

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Mr.Bean Live "Drunk English in Indian Restaurant"

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Mr.Bean Live "Playing Piano"

The other funny  talented showed by Mr.Bean

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Umaid Bhawan Palace

     Umaid Bhawan Palace is a palace located in the city of Jodhpur, India. It has 347 rooms and is one of the largest palaces in the world. Completed in 1945, it took more than 5000 people 15 years to build. As well as being the home of the Jodhpur royal family, Umaid Bhawan Palace also houses a museum and luxury hotel, as well as numerous gardens, fountains, and a swimming pool.  

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The Summer Palace

     The Summer Palace is a palace located in Beijing, China. From, 1750 until the end of the Qing Dynasty in 1912, the palace was used as a summer retreat for members of the Chinese imperial family. At the center of the palace is a 2.2 km² man-made lake, called Kunming Lake. Around the lake are many buildings, gardens, and structures. Today, the Summer Palace is a popular place for tourists to enjoy boating, sightseeing, or just going for walk.

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Buckingham Palace

One of the most famous landmarks in London, UK, and one of the most famous palaces in the world, Buckingham Palace has been the official home of British royal family for more than 170 years. Located in the center of London, it is a popular place for tourist to visit. Buckingham Palace has many special features, including a large ballroom, a balcony, and numerous apartments for important guests. It also has the largest private garden in London. 

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STRANDED ! THE ADVENTURE OF ALEXANDER SELKIRK

            Alexander Selkirk was a Scottish sailor who spent more than four years stranded alone on an island in the Pasific Ocean. In 1703, Selkirk joined an expedition from Scotland to Polynesia. However, in 1704, when ship stopped at an island near Chile to get food and water, Selkirk was worried that the ship was not safe, so he asked the captain to leave him there. The captain agreed. Selkirk only brought a few things with him, including a gun, some tools, a knife, and some clothes, but he survived by hunting goats for meat and milk, and eating vegetables on the island. He even learned how to make his own clothes! Selkirk was finally rescued in 1709 when sailors from another ship came to the island and found him. Selkirk’s adventures also inspired many other stories, including Robinson Cruose and Gulliver’s Travels.

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Desert

            It will probably surprise you to find out that there are two types of desert – hot and cold! One thing that hot and cold deserts have in common is that they are dry. Deserts get less than 250mm of rainfall each year.

            Hot deserts have really high temperatures and are covered with lots of sand or rock. The air is really dry, and there are very few clouds in the sky. Temperatures during the day can rise to more than 50 degress celcius  and drop to below freezing at night. It doesn’t often rain in desert, but when it does, it is usually during a storm.

            The largest hot desert in the Earth is the Sahara Desert in North Africa, where the highest temperature ever was recorded – it was 57.7 degress celcius! The Sahara only gets about  80mm of rain each year. There are many dangerous wind and sand storms which can last for a few days.

            Cold desert are covered in sand, rock, and ice. It snows in cold desert. The biggest cold desert in the world is Antartica. It is the driest continent on the planet. The lowest temperature ever recorded was in Antartica and was -89.2 degress celcius!

            Even though hot deserts are very dry, water can be found at oases. An oasis is formed when underground water comes to the surface and forms a pool. People can create an oasis by digging for water. It is because of oases that many different kins of plants and animals, as well as millions of people, live in Sahara.

            Animals have different ways of surviving in the desert. Most reptiles sleep during the day to escape the heat. They sleep under rocks and burrow into the sand where it is cooler and then come out at night. Small rodents also dig into the sand to stay cool. 

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The X Games

The X games are like the Olympic Games, but for extreme sports. Each year there are Summer and Winter X Games. The first X Games were held in Rhode Island, USA in 1995, and nearly 200,000 people attended!

There are seven sports played at the Games: skateboarding, motocross, BMX, and rally car racing at the Summer Games; and snowboarding, snowmobile racing, and skiing at the Winter Games. To compete in these events, athletes need to be brave and maybe little bit crazy, because these sports can be dangerous. Two of the most famous athletes to take part in the X Games are Tony Hawk (skateboarder), who has won 9 gold medals, and Shaun White (snowboarder), who has won 11 gold medals. Both have video games named after them as well, which is serious;y cool!

Here’s what people said about the X Games:

“The X Games are awesome, man! These dudes do some amazing things with snowboard. I saw Shaun White on TV do a Tomahawk – it was awesome! I’ve never seed anybody do that move before.” Becky Robbins, 14, fan.

“The X Games are about young people, and having fun. The sports might be dangerous sometimes, and there are a few accidents, like broken ankles and wrists. But everybody loves to watch them. They’re cool.” Jonny Boedinger, 30, skateboarder.

“The X Games helped me become more confident. After watching the Games, I started doing tricks on my BMX. Now, I’m pretty good at it, and I’ve made a lots of friends.” Steve Johnson, 16, fan.

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THE STONE AGE

The Stone Age was a period of time that started about 2.5 million years ago, when people – sometimes called cavemen – used stone to make spears, hammers, axes, and other tools. They often used these tools to hunt animals for food. Some of these animals, such as woolly mammoths, were very big.

            Woolly mammoths were animals that looked like elephants. They even had long tusks, just like elephants. Woolly mammoths weren’t the only animals that lived at this time, though. There were many dangerous animals, too, such as saber-toothed cats. Saber-toothed cats were bigger than cats now and had long, sharp front teeth.

            It was also during the Stone Age that people first discovered how to make fire!

Cavemen

            Millions of years ago cavemen communicated in very simple ways. They are were able to make a simple sounds or noises to let others know how they were feeling, and they could read facial expressions and body language. They also drew pictures on the walls of caves to tell stories about their history and culture.

            Over time, language developed but body language never died out. In fact, some people say that communication is 55% body language, 38% voice, and only 7% is in the world we use! That’s pretty amazing if you think about how many words there are in any language.

            There are two types of non-herbal communication. The first is body language which includes facial expressions, the way someone stands or walks, or any movement which shows how a person is feeling.

            The other type of non-herbal communication is gestures. Gestures include things like hand signals, movement, of the eyes, and body posture. Some examples are smiling, shaking someone’s hand or waving at someone.

            People can also understand one another by listening to the intonation the speaker is using. The way we say a word or sentence can often change the meaning of what we are trying to say. 

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THE HEIMLICH MANEUVER

     The Heimlich maneuver is a maneuver used to help save someone when they are choking. To do the maneuver, a rescuer stands behind a choking victim and applies pressure to the victim’s abdomen, forcing the person to cough up the object they are choking on. The maneuver was invent by an American doctor named Henry Heimlich in 1974, after he saw a restaurant owner use a similar maneuver to save a choking woman in Bellevue, Washington.

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ROAST BEEF DINNER

This one of the most traditional British dishes. It’s also called Sunday lunch because families usually eat this on Sundays together. In the past, it was a special meal because it was the only time in the week that families ate meat. That seems like a long time ago now ! Its main ingredient is, of course, roast beef. People sometimes replace the beef with lamb or pork, it is normally served with roasted potatoes, boiled potatoes, and vegetable. Sometimes, people have Yorkshire pudding with it, which is a kind of pancake. It is a little dry, so British people like to pour gravy on this meal. Gravy is kind of meat sauce. 

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GLADIATORS

Gladiators were men who fought each other or wild animals in big stadiums called amphitheaters. The Collosseum in Rome was the biggest amphtheaters in ancient Rome. People came to watch the gladiators fight. It was a special event in ancient Rome.

These men trained to fight and were very strong and brave. They lived together in gladiators schools where they trained all day every day. They slept together, ate together, and fought together.

These fighters were not free men – they were forced to fight. Sometimes they died when fighting. It was a horrible life, but some lucky gladiators became famous and won their freedom.

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CACAO TREES

WHERE DOES CHOCOLATE COME FROM ?

Cacao trees grow in warm countries. They produce large pods that look like rugby balls. Inside each pod, there are beans which produce cocoa solids and cocoa butter. The cocoa solids make chocolate and the cocoa butter is the  fat extracted from the cacao bean.

THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF CHOCOLATE :

Milk chocolate – milk is the main ingredient for this chocolate. It is sweet and light brown in color.

Dark chocolate – this type of chocolate is not so sweet. It’s dark brown in color and there is no milk.

White chocolate – this kind of chocolate is white and milk is the main ingredient. However, it does not contain any cocoa solids and so some people say that it is not real chocolate.

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AIRPORT SECURITY

In order to protect passengers, airport have strict rules. Some of this rules include:

Restricted items

Knives are not permitted on board. In the past, knives under 4 inches were allowed on board, but now, knives are not allowed at all.

ID checks

All passengers must have ID cards that match their boarding passes. Passengers are unable to fly without these documents.

Security on the aircraft

Generally, passenger are not permitted to enter the cockpit, where the pilot sits, especially when the plane is in the air. In order to increase security, bullet-proof doors and locks are now standard on all planes.

Forbidden liquids

No liquids over 100ml may taken on board in hand luggage. Liquids under 100ml must be carried in a clear plastic bag. This includes water, shampoo, toner, etc.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

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Internet

11.     Intranet

Ø  Sebuah jaringan privat yang menggunakan protokol internet untuk berbagi data secara aman dalam lingkup suatu organisasi atau badan yang menggunakan jaringan operasi tersebut.

22.       Internet ( interconnection – networking)

Ø  Sebuah jaringan komputer yang saling terhubung menggunakan standar sistem global Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) sebagai protokol pertukaran paket (packet switching communication protocol) untuk melayani miliaran pengguna di seluruh dunia.

33.       LAN ( Local Area Network)

Ø  Jaringan komputer yang jaringannya mencakup wilayah yang kecil; seperti jaringan komputer kampus, sekolah, rumah atau yang lebih kecil.

44.       Topologi Jaringan Komputer

Ø  Bentuk perancangan baik secara fisik maupun secara logik yang digunakan untuk membangun sebuah jaringan komputer.

Ø  Terdiri dari 4 :

a)     

Topologi Bus

o   Topologi yang banyak digunakan pada masa penggunaan kabel sepaksi menjamu, dengan menggunakan T-connector ( dengan terminator 50ohm pada ujung network.)

b)      Topologi Star

o   Merupakan bentuk topologi jaringan yangberupa konvergensi dari node tengah ke setiap node atau penggunanya.

c)       Topologi Ring

o   Topologi jaringan yang berbentuk rangkaian titik yang masing-masing terhubung ke dua titik lainnya, sedemikian sehingga membentuk jalur melingkar membentuk cincin.

d)      Topologi Mesh

o   Suatu bentuk hubungan antar perangkat dimana setiap perangkat terhubung secara langsung ke perangkat lainnya yang ada di dalam jaringan.

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Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein dilahirkan pada hari Jumat tanggal 14 Maret 1879 di kota Ulm, sebuah kota makmur di selatan Jerman, sebagai putera pertama dan satu-satunya putera dari pasangan Hermann Einstein dan Pauline Koch. Tahun 1880, keluarganya pindah ke Munich dan di kota ini ayah dan pamannya membuka toko kimia elektro. Einstein tumbuh menjadi anak yang sehat dan kuat, tergolong anak yang pendiam, agak penyendiri, gemar membaca – sejak kecil Einstein gemar melahap buku-buku yang tergolong ”serius dan berat”, mendengarkan musik, dan tidak menyukai olahraga yang penuh aturan.

Einstein adalah seorang ilmuwan fisika teoretis yang dipandang luas sebagai ilmuwan terbesar dalam abad ke-20. Einstein dianggap bersinonim dengan kecerdasan atau bahkan jenius. Untuk menghargainya, sebuah satuan dalam fotokimia dinamai Einstein, sebuah unsur kimia dinamai Einsteinium, dan sebuah asteorid tahun 2001 dinamai Einstein. Rumus Einstein yang paling terkenal adalah E = mc2, Einstein telah berhasil menjawab fenomena-fenomena alam yang belum mampu dijawab oleh teori fisika yang dihasilkan oleh pendahulunya, Isaac Newton dan kawan-kawan. 

Wataknya yang keras membuat Einstein lebih banyak belajar sendiri di rumah atau di laboratorium pribadinya. Einstein juga menyukai kegiatan berlayar yang membuatnya merasa tenang dengan menikmati alam dan pandai memainkan biola. Einstein merupakan pasangan duet yang hebat dengan ibunya yang pandai memainkan piano.

Minat dan kecintaannya pada fisika dimulai pada saat ia berusia lima tahun. Saat ia terbaring lemah di tempat tidur akibat penyakit yang dideritanya, ayahnya memberikan hadiah sebuah kompas. Kebesaran dan keagungan alam semesta yang terefleksi dalam sebuah kompas mempesonanya dan membulatkan tekadnya untuk menguak segala tabir misteri yang berada di balik segala fenomena alam.Walaupun tidak begitu menyukai kegiatan di bangku sekolah, Einstein tetap mampu berprestasi dengan sangat baik, menyelesaikan kuliahnya pada tahun 1900. Setelah dua tahun menganggur, akhirnya Einstein memperoleh pekerjaan di kantor paten di Swiss. Sambil menekuni kesibukannya di kantor paten bahkan pernah ia dinobatkan sebagai Best Employer oleh atasannya. Einstein tidak pernah melupakan janji kepada dirinya sendiri untuk berkarir di bidang pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan khususnya fisika.Tahun 1905, terbitlah empat tulisannya tentang teori relativitas dalam majalah sains Annalen der Physik. Tulisannya ini mengundang banyak kontroversi dan perdebatan di antara para ilmuwan ternama saat itu. Salah satu tulisannya tersebut diselesaikannya dalam lima minggu setelah mengendap dalam pikirannya sejak AE berusia 16 tahun! Bukan main!

Tahun 1909, Einstein diangkat sebagai profesor di Universitas Zurich. Tahun 1915, Einstein menyelesaikan kedua teori relativitasnya. Penghargaan tertinggi atas kerja kerasnya sejak kecil terbayar dengan diraihnya Hadiah Nobel pada tahun 1921 di bidang ilmu fisika. Einstein juga mengembangkan teori kuantum dan teori medan menyatu. Tahun 1933, Einstein beserta keluarganya pindah ke Amerika Serikat karena khawatir kegiatan ilmiahnya baik sebagai pengajar ataupun sebagai peneliti – terganggu. Tahun 1941, ia mengucapkan sumpah sebagai warga negara Amerika Serikat. Karena ketenaran dan ketulusannya dalam membantu orang lain yang kesulitan, Einstein ditawari menjadi presiden Israel yang kedua. Namun jabatan ini ditolaknya karena ia merasa tidak mempunyai kompetensi di bidang itu. Akhirnya pada tanggal 18 April 1955, Einstein meninggal dunia dengan meninggalkan karya besar yang telah mengubah sejarah dunia. Kendati begitu, Einstein sempat menangis pilu dalam hati karena karya besarnya teori relativitas umum dan khusus  digunakan sebagai inspirasi untuk membuat bom atom. Bom inilah yang dijatuhkan di atas kota Hiroshima dan Nagasaki saat Perang Dunia II berlangsung.

Teori relativitas umum pada dasarnya berbicara tentang ruang alam semesta yang melengkung. Hal ini dibuktikan oleh dua orang ilmuwan yang penasaran melalui foto cahaya bintang yang menyimpang dari yang seharusnya. Teori relativitas khusus berbicara tentang hukum fisika berlaku sama untuk semua pengamat selama mereka bergerak dengan kecepatan konstan pada arah yang tetap. Hal ini dapat kita buktikan sendiri. Misalnya kita berdiri di peron dan melihat seseorang menggigit rotinya dua kali di dalam gerbong kereta Bagi kita yang ada di peron, kita mengatakan bahwa ia menggigit rotinya di dua tempat yang berbeda. Namun bagi orang-orang yang ada di dalam gerbong kereta, mereka mengatakan bahwa orang tersebut menggigit rotinya di tempat yang sama alias tidak berpindah tempat. Nah, di sinilah relativitas itu bekerja.Mengenai hal ini Einstein pernah berkelakar. Jika kita duduk di atas panci panas selama satu menit saja, kita akan merasakannya seperti satu jam. Namun, jika kita duduk bersama dengan orang yang kita cintai selama satu jam, kita akan merasakannya seperti satu menit saja.

Einstein meninggalkan sebuah wasiat bagi para generasi penerus yang ingin mengikuti jejaknya. Pesannya: ”Persyaratan paling penting bagi orang yang ingin menjadi seperti saya adalah mawas diri dalam hal APA yang dipikirkannya serta BAGAIMANA ia berpikir, bukan dalam hal apa yang dikerjakannya atau dialaminya”. Inilah pesan yang sangat berharga bagi kita semua.

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Secret 2 "The Dark Castle"

Hello guys ! I’m Ivan. Nice too meet you. Welcome to my next  story. I will bring you to the new adventure.

Yesterday, I just move to the new school, and Igot a new friend at there. His name is Clark Anderson. He just like us, I and Jason, we like have a trip and make a new adventure to the some place. Just like our routine, we go to school every day, we don’t go to school at Saturday and Sunday.

One day, at Sunday morning, I go to school. I leave my book at there. By bike I through beside of river. The river is very dirty, the water is black and the smell is very terrible, I stop for see it. I meet Anderson.

I          : “ Hey, Anderson. What’re you doing here ? “

Clark : ” Nothing, just think how is it happen..”

I          : ” I think you know, you old here right ?”

Clark : “ Yeah, but I don’t know what make it like this. Before this river is very clean, every day a lot of people came here for picnic, etc. After this river like now, no one want to come. People around  here said to me, if you look to the river for long time and every day, you’ll sad.“

I          : “ But how ?? It’s just a dirty river. If that’s true, we have to find the reason.”

That’s, the beginning of my adventure.

To be continue...

(Wait for the next story)

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Mr.Bean Live "Elementary Dating"

   This video posted by Angus Deayton, with Rowan Atkinson by the actor. This video tell us about the funiest daily live of Mr. Bean.

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Tanjungpandan, Belitung

     Kota Tanjungpandan adalah kota terbesar di Belitung, ibu kota kabupaten Belitung. Tanjungpandan berpopulasi sekitar 90.000 jiwa dan terletak di pantai Barat Belitung, 15km ke arah Barat dari bandara HAS Hananjoedin Belitung. Tanjungpandan adalah kota perdagangan utama, dimana terdapat pelabuhan yang disinggahi kapal-kapal yang sebagian besar berlayar dari Jakarta. Kota Tanjungpandan juga terletak di muara sungai Cerucuk, salah satu sungai terbesar di Belitung.

Pantai Tanjungpendam Pantai ini adalah tempat bersantai warga kota untuk menikmati indahnya mata hari terbenam di sore hari. Terletak di kompleks bekas perumahan pejabat PT.Timah, membuat pantai Tanjungpendam cukup terawat sejak dulu. Di sini anda tidak akan menjumpai pantai pasir putih dan pepohonan kepala, tetapi khusus untuk anak-anak ada taman bermain yang cukup menarik. Dari pantai ini terlihat kapal-kapal hilir mudik masuk ke muara sungai Cerucuk dengan latar belakang pulang Kalamoa yang legendaris.    Matahari terbenam dengan latar belakang kapal-kapal yang baru akan melaut dan pulau Kalamoa menjadikan tempat ini menarik untuk menikmati awal senja hari. Di malam hari pantai Tanjungpendam berubah menjadi tempat berkumpul masyarakat Belitung untuk menikmati aneka kuliner di restoran-restoran open air sekaligus ditemani alunan (live music) dari musisi lokal yang tampil di beberapa restoran. Di tempat ini juga sering digelar acara panggung pertunjukan kesenian. Terdapat pula berbagai fasilitas seperti lapangan basket dan futsal. Tanjung pendam juga menjad tempat nongkrong penggemar sepeda onthel yang cukup populer di Tanjungpandan.
Museum

Museum Tanjung Pandan pada saat diresmikan bernama Museum Perusahaan Negara Tambang Timah Belitung yang menjadi tempat penyimpanan berbagai batuan hasil penambangan, artefak peninggalan kerajaan di Belitung dan peninggalan kolonial. Memasuki museum ini Anda dapat menyaksikan porselin Cina yang diangkat dari kapal karam, senjata, hingga mata uang kuno Indonesia dalan berbagai nominal dan tahun keluaran. Museum Tanjung Pandan buka setiap hari pukul 08.00 - 16.00 WIB. Khusus hari Sabtu dan Minggu jam buka kadang diperpanjang hingga pukul 17.00 WIB. Tiket masuk Museum Tanjung Pandan sebesar Rp 2.000 / orang (data diperoleh pada Mei 2012, harga dapat berubah sewaktu-waktu).

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Mr. Bean Live "Playing Invisible Drum"

   The great funny talanted of Mr. Bean. Play  invisible drum.

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Robot

 A robot is a mechanical or virtual agent,   usually an electro-mechanical machine that is guided by a computer program or electronic circuitry.  Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing.  These technologies deal with automated machines that can take the place of humans in dangerous environments or manufacturing processes, or resemble humans in appearance, behavior, and/or cognition. Many of today's robots are inspired by nature contributing to the field of bio-inspired robotics.

            Robot is very famous thing for this new era. All people now try to make new inovation about new technology. They study hard and sometimes use a lot of money to learn about robotic. Robot is everything, robot is new thing, robot can do anything. These’re in their mind. Robot is the most important, robot is the new future for this world. Now every human have to learn about technology, specially about robotic. Intelligence robot still in the research. Now almost all modern factory in the world use robot for their production. Make it perfect, minimize errors that occur.

            The idea of automata originates in the mythologies of many cultures around the world. Engineers and inventors from ancient civilizations, including Ancient China, Ancient Greece, and Ptolemaic Egypt, attempted to build self-operating machines, some resembling animals and humans. Early descriptions of automata include the artificial doves ofArchytas, the artificial birds of Mozi and Lu Ban, a "speaking" automaton by Hero of Alexandria, a washstand automaton by Philo of Byzantium, and a human automaton described in the Lie Zi.

            Many ancient mythologies, and most modern religions include artificial people, such as the mechanical servants built by the Greek god Hephaestus (Vulcan to the Romans), the clay golems of Jewish legend and clay giants of Norse legend, and Galatea, the mythical statue of Pygmalion that came to life. Since circa 400 BC, myths of Crete include Talos, a man of bronze who guarded the Cretan island of Europa from pirates.

In ancient Greece, the Greek engineer Ctesibius (c. 270 BC) "applied a knowledge of pneumatics and hydraulics to produce the first organ and water clocks with moving figures." In the 4th century BC, the Greek mathematician Archytas of Tarentum postulated a mechanical steam-operated bird he called "The Pigeon". Hero of Alexandria(10–70 AD), a G reek mathematician and inventor, created numerous user-configurable automated devices, and described machines powered by air pressure, steam and water.

The 11th century Lokapannatti tells of how the Buddhas relics were protected by mechanical robots (bhuta vahana yanta), from the kingdom of Roma visaya (Rome); until they were disarmed by King Ashoka. 

In ancient China, the 3rd century text of the Lie Zi describes an account of humanoid automata, involving a much earlier encounter between Chinese emperor King Mu of Zhou and a mechanical engineer known as Yan Shi, an 'artificer'. Yan Shi proudly presented the king with a life-size, human-shaped figure of his mechanical 'handiwork' made of leather, wood, and artificial organs. There are also accounts of flying automata in the Han Fei Zi and other texts, which attributes the 5th century BC Mohist philosopher Mozi and his contemporary Lu Ban with the invention of artificial wooden birds (ma yuan) that could successfully fly. In 1066, the Chinese inventor Su Song built a water clock in the form of a tower which featured mechanical figurines which chimed the hours.

The beginning of automata is associated with the invention of early Su Song's astronomical clock tower featured mechanical figurines that chimed the hours. His mechanism had a programmable drum machine with pegs (cams) that bumped into little leve rs that operated percussion instruments. The drummer could be made to play different rhythms and different drum patterns by moving the pegs to different locations.

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